TwoOldGuys™ Study Guides
BI-122 Biology
Oxidation - Reduction
Energy
- Kinetic
- mechanical
- temperature/heat (kinetic model)
- Potential
- chemical
- position (see demonstration)
Metabolism
- Anabolic
- small molecules → large molecule
- endergonic
- ADP + Pi +energy → ATP
- reduction
- Catabolic
- large molecule → small molecules
- exergonic
- ATP → ADP + Pi +energy
- oxidation
Coupled Oxidation-Reduction rxns [Redox]
- "fire in the fireplace" story
energy of activation
redox within single reaction:
> electron released by one reactant [oxidation]
> absorbed by another reactant [reduction]
A loses electron;
B gains it
coupled oxidation/reduction |
| oxidation (-e) |
|
|
| A0 |
+ |
B0 |
→ |
A+1 |
+ |
B-1 |
|
|
reduction (+e) |
redox across coupled reactions:
> energy released by one reaction [oxidation]
> absorbed by another reaction [reduction]
- sugar metabolism:
. . 6C6H12O6
36 ADP + 36 Pi +energy → 36 ATP
. . 6C6H12O6
36 ADP + 36 Pi +en↑
. . C6H12O6 →
6 CO2 + 6 H2O +energy
- energy use by living organism:
. . ATP → ADP + Pi +energy
. .
ATP → ADP + Pi +en
↓
. .
ATP → ADP + Pi +en
chemical or mechanical work
- energy requirement for human "survival" = 1,000 kcal
- "typical" American couch potato
- third world countries 800 kcal, with minimal nutrition status
- energy equivalent to 1½ bags marshmellows
- assuming marshmellows are made of sugar
- which they are not
toasty puffs® made exclusively for ALDI Inc.
ingredients:corn syrup, sugar, dextrose,
modified food starch (corn) ,water, gelatin, natural and artificial flavor,
tetrasodium pyrophosphate, blue 1
- starving politically correct ethnic group
Enzyme-driven Reactions