based on Indiana's Academic Standards, Science,
as adopted by the Indiana State Board of Education, Nov 2000.

numbers refer to the age-appropriate grade-level for the content.

Review

Ecosystem, energy flow

grades 1: to 3:

• animals eat plants or other animals as food
• animals also use plants and animals for shelter and nesting

grades 4: to 6:

• animals eat to get energy (and materials for growth)
  • plants get their energy from sunlight

grades 7: to 8:

• energy flows through ecosystems from trophic level to trophic level
  • solar energy
  • producer trophic level [plants]
  • primary consumer trophic level [herbivores]
  • secondary consumer trophic level [carnivores]
  • top carnivore

grades secondary: to college:

• trophic efficiency equals approximately 10%
• detritus-based ecosystems

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